Perception of Green Product Consumption in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic in an Emerging Economy

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in changes in consumer behavior and has created new opportunities and challenges for the provisioning of green products in emerging economies. The objective of this study was to identify how perceptions on COVID-19 affected the variables of planned behavior and responsible purchase intention during the pandemic in Colombia. A total of 320 consumers participated in an online survey, and the responses were analyzed using a structural equation model (SEM) and AMOS 24 statistical software. The results were positive regarding the development of better environmental awareness, indicating that COVID-19 (COV) influenced the attitude (ATT) of individuals and contributed to subjective norms (SNs) and perceived behavioral control (PBC), and that SNs and ATT influence eco-friendly purchase intention (EFPI). However, PBC does not contribute to EFPI. Colombian consumers have become aware of the importance to society of buying eco-friendly products, and planned behavior is an opportunity for organizations to formulate new portfolios relevant to the needs of the market. This is an important opportunity to sensitize consumers to the purchase of environmentally friendly products and for the identification of commercial strategies by companies that bet on the formulation and commercialization of eco-friendly portfolios that generate value for society.

RISK PROPENSITY IN DECISION MAKING IN SMALL BUSINESSES IN TIMES OF PANDEMIC. A LOOK AT DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Entrepreneurs in the normal development of the strategies they manage daily are immersed in making decisions to be sustainable, which is why the objective of this article was to identify the risk propensity in micro and small companies (Mipymes) in Colombia, Peru and Mexico. An instrumental study was developed and as a result it was achieved to know that entrepreneurs risk establishing strategies that allow sustainability in the market, likewise, companies try to be competitive in changing environments by venturing with innovation and development in their products and services. It is concluded that entrepreneurs have high levels of risk propensity for decision-making and more and better alternatives of government support are recommended so that entrepreneurs can develop greater skills in decision-making and thus survive in times of pandemic.

OPTIMISM AS A VALUE STRATEGY IN TIMES OF COVID-19 IN ENTREPRENEURS IN PERÚ, MÉXICO AND COLOMBIA

Currently, there is diverse information referring to micro and small companies (Mipymes), but not the variables that are taken into account such as risk propensity, perseverance, and tolerance for ambiguity, entrepreneurial passion and optimism, together with this type of Business. Therefore, the objective of the research is focused on investigating the aforementioned variables that influence entrepreneurship and even more so in the time of Covid-19. As a methodology, a quantitative and exploratory research is established. As a result, there is an understanding of the Mipymes sector regarding the issue and optimism is also evidenced as the most important variable to achieve success in the business environment. It is concluded that this study contributes to the scientific literature regarding the relationship of the variables under study in the context of microenterprises and may also be useful to governments seeking to create programs to promote this business sector given its importance for development. Economic of the countries where the study was carried out.

Promoting Interaction in Emergency Remote Language Teaching and Learning: A Proposal of Seven Tasks to Negotiate Meaning

The COVID-19 pandemic required that people make rapid changes in their lifestyles. Since the beginning of the pandemic, it was necessary for teachers and learners to adapt teaching and learning practices to a remote mode. Following this, our study seeks to contribute to the field of English as a foreign language (EFL) teaching and learning by suggesting tasks. These tasks which intend to assist EFL teachers in the promotion of interactions and particularly negotiation for meaning (NfM) in virtual classes. Seven tasks are included, six of which are adaptations of the tasks that were used in the previous studies that explored NfM. The seven tasks were modified since they were originally designed to be carried out in face-to-face interactions, but our objective is to encourage virtual NfM. To this end, we include a review of the literature that will serve as the rationale behind each task, and we also provide the details regarding their implementation in virtual classes.

Nivel de satisfacción en educación superior, en medio del COVID-19

The objective of this article is to identify the level of satisfaction under digital tools that allow the completion of the teaching-learning process of the academic semester 2020-1 due to the arrival of COVID-19. Among the results, there is a good level of satisfaction with the measures adopted to face the contingency, it is concluded that it is necessary to continue exploring different management alternatives so that the academic community achieves greater satisfaction that lasts in educational institutions. Es así que se hace necesario comprender que existen programas académicos que cuentan con posibilidad de acompañamiento virtual y el desarrollo técnico del saber profesional no se verá tan afectado, sin embargo existen otros que dependerán de la presencialidad para lograr el resultado profesioanl esperado, por ello es necesario continuar estableciendo canales de comunicación para que este tema sea mas claro y preciso al momento de hablar de calidad educativa (Gagnon, Young, Bachman, Longbottom, Severin & Walker 2020). Se vienen desarrollando estudios como los de (Oplatka & Hemsley-Brown, 2012;Arar, Turan, Barakat, & Oplatka, 2017;Oplatka, 2017;Khoshtaria, Datuashvili, & Matin, 2020) que han identificado la importancia de la satisfacción con estudiantes y docentes, en el caso Latinoamericano pocos son los estudios que se evidencian del tema, sin embargo con la situación actual de crisis mundial en aspectos de la pandemia por COVID-19, las organizaciones y especialmente las académicas han tenido que reformular sus modelos de gestión y esto involucra las metodologías que formulan para brindar un desarrollo adecuado en aspectos administrativos y académicos, se hace entonces necesario conocer cuál ha sido la satisfacción de los principales actores académicos, donde tanto estudiantes y docentes se enfrentan a una nueva manera de construir conocimiento y de avanzar en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje.